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Thilkroad Birth
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Cultures Background
- Thilkroad is named after China ancient business legend of Silk Road. Think + Silk Road give birth to Thilkroad, and by chance the pronunciation of ‘th’ similar as that of ‘s’. With 100% respect to study the great history, to absorb its great cultures, and to carry on its great significant mission: making contribution to the Sino-Western Cultural and Economic Intercommunications.
- Dedicated to be a real business enterprise, reliable and dependable, to be a real choice to overseas partners. All members, of our Management team, R&D dept. and Sales Dept., have had a good education, 80% have got their Banchelor Degrees at University, 5% even get Master Degrees. Besides, during our new recruit’s 3 months’ internship, everybody is to study history of SILKROAD, required to a nice oral speak about it and good paper scores by the end of internship. In following 3 years, there still be some other trainings or activities about work skills, team cooperation and corporate cultures acknowledgements. Proud to be a member today, and tomorrow make company proud of you.
- Live and Let Live, Thanksgiving and Responsibility
- Customer First | Quality Reliable | Services Professional
- Thilkroad Industrial Co., Limited, integrated with Research & Development, manufacture and trade together. Thilkroad developed from a plant ” LeVaning Hiteck Co., Ltd” in 2002. Now we have several lines for cleanroom and esd products. Based in shenzhen, plus 2 factories located in Huizhou and Zhejiang, totally have staff about 500 members, and aim to keep a steady growth at 9% every year.
- Our featured products: cleanroom wiper, cleanroom swab, PCB equipment like magazine rack, pcb rack trolley/cart, pcb circulation rack, esd tray, esd box, anti static bags, moisture barrier bag, LDPE bag, PU Finger Top Fit Gloves, PU Palm Fit Gloves, nitril gloves, pvc gloves, latex gloves, esd garment, esd shoes, esd wrist strap, esd heel/toe grounder, esd rubber mat, 3 ply facemask, shoe covers, cleanroom stiky mat, sticky roller, silicon roller, cleanroom notebook and printpaper.
- Market and Customers: Over 70% products for exporting, highly popular in Southeast Aisa, North and South Amercia, Middle East and European Market. Widely applied on production lines of Samsung, Lenovo, LG, FOXCONN ( China also world first biggest OEM factory for Apple’s Iphone, Ipad), Belton, CANON, PHILIPS, FLEXTRONICS, BOSCH…
- “Silk Road” refers to the commercial trade routes, starting from ancient China, linking Asia, Africa and Europe. Usually it said the Land Silk Road, which formed between 2nd century BC and 1st century AD, and retained in use till 16th century. It was a main road of Eastern and Western exchange on economic , politics and cultures. 1)Starting from Chang’an, by He’xi Corridor, reach Dunhuang and spread all over Xinjiang, then extend as far as Pakistan, India and Rome. 2) At first, its primary role was to transport ancient Chinese silk. So in 1877, it was named “Silk Road” by Ferdinand von Richthofen, a German geographer, then widely accepted.
- Maritime Silk Road centralised in China South Sea, formed in Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in Three Kingdoms till Sui Dynasty, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, but declined in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was the oldest sea route ever known.
- On June 22, 2014, the Eastern part route of Land Silk Road has been successfully included in World Heritage List of UNESCO. It is declared by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan together, and becomes the world first successful project by cross-border cooperations. Of total 33 historical sites, 22 are located in China.
3 aspects to quick know about ancient legendary Silk Road
Timeline
Routes
Cultures
- From Han Dynasty, till Yuan Dynasty, it enjoyed a history of about 1,600 years.
- In the Western Han Dynasty ( 206BC – 24 AD)
- In 141BC, Han Wudi succeeded to the throne
- in 139BC, Zhang Qian was dispatched by Wudi to the Western Regions in order to make a military alliance with Da Yuezhi against the Huns.
- In 126BC, Zhang Qian returned to Chang’an(now Xi’an)
- In 119BC, Zhang Qian set out on his second journey to the Western Regions to unite Wusun against Hun. That’s the time when Silk Road originated.
- During 129BC – 119BC, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing severely defeated the Huns; the Hexi Corridor was under Han control.
- In 77BC, Fu jiezi worked out a clever way to kill the king of Loulan, which overawed other states in the Western Regions and ensured peace on the road.
- During the reign of the Han Xuandi(74BC-49BC) , Feng Liao, a great women diplomat, actively mediated the disputes of Wusun and other states in the Western Regions, which made the road flow freely.
- In 60BC, Han Dynasty established the Protectorate of Western Regions with its administration centre in Wulei (nearby now Luntai), overseeing the 36 states in this vast northwest area.
- In Eastern Han Dynasty (25 – 220)
- In 73 – 94, Ban Chao suppressed rebellions of some states in the Western Regions, which consolidated the dominion of the Han Dynasty and protected Silk Road.
- In 97, in order to establish trade with Rome directly, Gan Ying was sent by Ban Chao to Daqin (now Rome); however, he only reached the Persian Gulf.
- In 123 – 126, using clever diplomacy and military talent, Ban Yong stabilized the Western Regions and re-opened the Silk Road in this remote area.
- In the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907)
- In 618, the Tang Dynasty was established with its capital at Chang’an ( now Xi’an)
- In 629, the great monk, Xuan’zang departed from Chang’an to India along the Silk Road to study Indian Sutras.
- In 630, the Tang Dynasty conquered the Eastern Turks.
- In 640, to strengthen its military management and to protect the Silk Road, the Protectorate General to Pacify the West was installed with four garrisons: Qiuci (Kuqa), Yanqi (Qarashar), Yutian (Hetian or Khotan) and Shule (Kashgar )
- In 645, Xuan’zang returned to Chang’an with many India sutras.
- In 658, The Western Turks was completely subdued by the Tang Dynasty.
- In 702, Tang Dynasty set up the Protectorate General of Beiting with the military center in Ting’zhou (now Jimsar) in order to manage the Northen Route of the Silk Road.
- In 751 , the method for making paper was transmitted to the West.
- In 755, Anshi Rebellion broke out and lasted for seven years. After the rebellion, the Silk Road began to decline.
- In the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 -1368 )
- In 1206, Genghis Khan built the Mongol Empire.
- During 1206 – 1227, Genghis Khan successively subdued Liao ( Qidan) , Jin and Xixia and other states in the Western Regions and West Aisa. The Silk Road became prosperous again.
- In 1271, the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan established a Chinese dynasty at Dadu ( the present Beijing) with the largest territory in Chinese history including the Central Asia and Russia. As a result, the road reinstated its vigor and became busy again.
- During 1271 – 1275, Marco Polo traveled along the ancient Silk Road to China with his father and uncle.
- During 1275 – 1292, Marco Polo stayed in the court of Kublai Khan for 17 years; he became well acquainted with information about China, Central Aisa, West Asia and Southeast Asia.
- In 1298, The Travels of Marco Polo came out, which became the most influential travelogue and paved the way for the arrivals of many Westerners.
- In Tiemuer Empire ( 1368 – 1404) , Tiemuer, a descendant of Genghis Khan, established a powerful empire in Samarkand with the vast territory from New Delhi in the south to Damascus in North, from the Aral Sea to the Persian Gulf. Samarkand became an important international trade centre of the Silk Road. As the Tiemuer Empire collapsed, the road gradually fell into disuse.
- In 1877 , German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen ( 1833 -1905 ) in his book ” China; Ergebnisse eigner Reisen und darauf gegründeter Studien “(1877 – 1912), coining the terms “Seidenstraße” and “Seidenstraßen” = ” Silk Road(s)” or “Silk Route(s)” , which referred to Silk Trade Road, opened up from 114BC to 127AD, linked together China, Central Asia of the Amu, Darya and India.
- In Sept and Octo. 2013, Chairman of China, Xi Jinping, during his visit to Central Asia and Southeast Asia countries, has proposed the Initiative of cooperation to build ” the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road” ( the Belt and Road, B&R , or One Belt One Road ) . and it got international community’s highly attention. The Belt means the unimpeded flow: China – Central Aisa – Russia – Europe ( Baltic Sea) ; China – Central Asia – West Asia – Persian Gulf – Mediterranean ; China – Southeast Asia – South Asia – India Ocean. As for the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road: China coastal ports – South China Sea – India Ocean – Europe ; China coastal ports – South China Sea – South Pacific.
- On June 22, 2014, the East part route of ancient land Silk Road, Chang’an to Tianshan Corridor, has successfully included in World Heritage List of UNESO. It is declared by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan together, and becomes the world first successful project by cross-border cooperation. Of the total 33 historical sites, 22 are located in China.
- In 2015, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is established with capital of $100 billion. It is an international financial institution that aims to support the building of infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China and has 57 member states (all Founding Members : Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Brunei, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Luxenbourg, Maldives, Malta, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Poland, Denmark, Kuwait, Philippines, South Africa. ) After establishment, its first goal is to invest in construction of ” the Silk Road Economic Belt “, one of which is the construction of the railway from Beijing to Baghdad.
- May 13 -17, 2016 Silk Road International Expo opens in Xi’an, Shaanxi. Approved by China State Council, from 2016 onwards, the Investment and Trade Forum for Cooperation between East and West China, already held 19 sessions, officially renames to be ” Silk Road International Expo or Investment and Trade Forum for Cooperation between East and West China”.
- Ancient Silk Road have Land Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road, of Land Silk Road, it have North Silk Road and South Silk Road. Usually Silk Road said is North Land Silk Road.
- North Land Silk Road: begin at Chang’an(now Xi’an), travelled northwest through the Chinese Province of Gansu from Shaanxi Province by He’xi corridor, and at Dunhuang split into three further routes (spreaded all over Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome
- South Land Silk Road : Shu(now Sichou) – Sindhu(now India), it had 3 routs: 1) Five-Feet Route [ Chengdu – east by Minjiang River to Mt. Bowang(now Yibin) – Shihmen Gate – Zhuti(now Zhaotong) – Hanyang (now Hezhang) – Wei(now Qujing) – Yunnan(now Kunming) – Yeyu (now Dali) ] , 2) LingGuan Route: [ Chengdu – west Lin Qiong(now Qionglai) – Yan Guan( now Ya’an) – Zuo(now Hanyuan) – QiongDu(now Xi’Chang) – Yanyuan – Qing Ling(now Dayao) – Da Bonong(now XiangYun) – Yeyu (now Dali) ] , 3) YongChang Route: Yeyu(now Dali) – Southwest to BoNan(now Yongping) – Juntang(now Baoshan) – DianYue(now Tengchong) – Shan State(now Burma) to Sindhu ( now India) ]. South Land Silk Road enjoy a history over 2000 years, especially during World War II, National Defence against Japan, after cut off access of sea, Burma Road along the Southwest Silk Road, and Ledo Road becomed the only access to overseas resources and the lifeblood for rear support.
- Marintime Silk Road: [1] East China Sea Route: enjoyed a history of about 3000 years, It was during the Zhou Dynasty that Ji Zi, a court official, was sent on a journey east, setting off from Shangdong Peninsula’s Bohai Gulf and navigating his way across the Yellow Sea, which led to the introduction of sericiculture (silkworm farming), filature and silk spinning into Korea. When Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China, many Chinese fled to Korea and took with them silkworms and breeding technology. This sped up the development of silk spinning in Korea. These new skills and the technologies were subsequently introduced into Japan during the Han Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, the silks produced by Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces were directly shipped to Japan. Many Japanese envoys and monks were also able to travel to Chang’an (now Xian) along this sea route. [2] South China Sea Route: Guangzhou represented the starting-point of the South China Sea Route, which extended across the Indian Ocean and then on to various countries situated around the Persian Gulf. The route was first used in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and increased in popularity from the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) to the Sui Dynasty (581–618). Up until the Tang Dynasty Anshi Rebellions (755–762), this route was viewed as a secondary alternative to the Silk Road, However in the latter half of the eighth century, owing to the scourge of wars in the vast Western Regions, trade volumes along the Maritime Silk Road boomed as those on its overland counterpart steadily declined. Technologic advances in shipbuilding and navigation led to the opening of new sea-lanes to the Southeast Asia, Malacca, areas in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. Guangzhou became the first great harbor in China around the time of the Tang and Song Dynasties, although it was later substituted by Quanzhou in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) as the most important trade port. The Naval Expedition to the West by Zheng He in the early part of the Ming Dynasty demonstrated the great importance of the Silk Road and was to represent the peak of its popularity. The governments of the Ming and Qing Dynasties issued a ban on maritime trade, contributing to massive decline in its use. As the Opium War broke out in 1840, the Silk Road on the Sea totally disappeared.
- Richard Foltz, Xinru Liu, and others have described how trading activities along the Silk Road over many centuries facilitated the transmission not just of goods but also ideas and culture, notably in the area of religions. Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Manichaeism, and Islam all spread across Eurasia through trade networks that were tied to specific religious communities and their institutions. Notably, established Buddhist monasteries along the Silk Road offered a haven, as well as a new religion for foreigners. The spread of religions and cultural traditions along the Silk Roads, according to Jerry H. Bentley, also led to syncretism. One example was the encounter with the Chinese and Xiongnu nomads. These unlikely events of cross-cultural contact allowed both cultures to adapt to each other as an alternative. The Xiongnu adopted Chinese agricultural techniques, dress style, and lifestyle. On the other hand, the Chinese adopted Xiongnu military techniques, some dress style, music and dance.
- Buddhism: In the 1st century BC, Buddhism was introduced into Yutian (Now Hetian), then it quickly spread throughout the vast Western Regions. It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220) that Buddhism infiltrated the inland of China.In the following centuries, many monks played important roles in the development of Buddhism in China. These included monks such as Zhu Shixing in the Three Kingdoms (220-280), Fa Xian and Kumrajva in the Jin Dynasty(265-420), Song Yun and Hui Sheng in the Northern Dynasties(420-589) and Xuan Zang in the Tang Dynasty(618-907). They traveled on the route to ancient India to study sutras, contributed greatly to the propagation of Buddhism.
- Zoroastrianism, Manicheism and Nestorianism were called the “Three Foreign Religions” in Tang Dynasty. [1] From the 5th century BC to the first century BC, Zoroastrianism spread into the Western Regions of China. It was regarded as the earliest religion passing to this area. It was once the state religion of Persia. After the rise of Arab Empire, Zoroastrianism was forced to move to the east. The religion developed rapidly during the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) and the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907). After the Song Dynasty (960-1279), this religion had largely disappeared although its practices were carried on by the Uygurs (Uigurs) and the Tajiks. [2] Manicheism is a mixture of Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and ancient Greek ideas. In contrast to Zoroastrianism, it was very popular among the common Chinese people. Though it was prohibited by the Tang Dynasty, it had a great influence on people. [3] Nestorianism, a school of Syrian Christianity, has many dogmatas and doctrines different from traditional Christianity. In 635, it was introduced into China. Tang Emperor Taizong ordered people to build a temple to practise Nestorianism. The temple was variously called Persian Temple, Roman Temple and Daqin Temple. After about 150 years’ development during Tang Dynasty, the religion began a downwards decline. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), its followers could only be found in some parts of the Western Regions, Mongolian Grassland and border areas.
- From the seventh century AD, Arab muslims traveled to China by the Silk Road or the sea route to spread Islam. In the Tang Dynasty, Guangdong Province and Quanzhou were the strongholds of most Islamic believers. Islam had a profound effect on spiritual beliefs in China.
- China Four Great Inventions (paper making, printing, gunpowder and compass) as well as the skills of silkworm breeding and silk spinning were transmitted to the West. This greatly sped up the development of the entire world. Apart from Chinese exquisite goods, many Chinese advanced technologies were also exported to the west, such as the silkworms breading, silk spinning, paper making, printing with movable type and gunpowder. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), China had a monopoly on silk trade by keeping the silk’s production technology a secret. A Han princess smuggled silkworms and mulberry seedlings as well as skilled workmen into Yutian (now Hetian). It was not until the 12th century AD that this technology reached to the West Europe. In 750, a war between the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and the Arab Empire broke out in Bishkek City and the Tang troops were defeated. As a result, Arabs took Chinese prisoners to Samarkand along the Silk Road. Among them there were paper making workmen. In Tang Dynasty, Printing Technique had been introduced into the Central Asia. In the early of thirteenth century, many European travelers reached China through the Silk Road and brought back Printing Technique to Europe. In 1444, Gutenberg, a German inventor of letterpress printing, printed the Bible using a similar printing technique.During early period of 13th century, Mongolian hordes used gunpowder to flatten resistance against them in their westward conquests. That was equivalent to weapons of mass destruction in those days.
- What’s more, the technology of karez was also introduced into the Western Regions in Han Dynasty. The Han troops stationed in the West Regions used the technique to storing water under desolate conditions. From the Three Kingdoms (220-280) to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the music, dance, acrobatics and arts of West Asia and Central Asia spread into China. The Kung-hou (23-stringed instrument) and lute of Persia joined Chinese traditional musical instruments in the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD).
- Material Culture Exchanges: A lot of products of the West flowed into China, such as grapes, clover, walnuts, carrots, peppers, beans, spinach, cucumbers, pomegranates, rare animals, medicinal materials, flavorings and jewelry. Chinese porcelains and lacquers also were traded into the West.